Handling Hemolyzed Samples From Collection Tubes
When working in a clinical laboratory setting, it is not uncommon to encounter hemolyzed samples from collection tubes. Hemolysis occurs when red blood cells rupture and release their contents into the plasma or serum, causing a pink or red discoloration of the sample. Handling hemolyzed samples properly is crucial to ensure accurate test results and provide quality patient care.
Causes of Hemolysis
There are several factors that can contribute to the hemolysis of blood samples:
- Excessive force during sample collection or transportation
- Small gauge needles or difficult vein access
- Prolonged tourniquet application
- Improper mixing of blood tubes
- Delay in processing the sample
It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of these causes in order to prevent hemolysis from occurring in the first place.
Effects of Hemolysis on Test Results
Hemolysis can lead to inaccurate test results due to the release of intracellular components such as potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin into the plasma or serum. Some tests, such as potassium and lactate dehydrogenase, can be significantly affected by hemolysis and may need to be repeated if a sample is hemolyzed. Hemolysis can also interfere with the interpretation of other tests, making it essential to properly handle hemolyzed samples.
Proper Handling of Hemolyzed Samples
Identifying Hemolysis
Before processing a sample, it is important to check for signs of hemolysis. Hemolyzed samples may appear pink or red in color, and the serum or plasma may be cloudy. In addition, a hemolyzed sample may have a higher than normal hemoglobin or potassium concentration. Healthcare professionals should be trained to recognize these signs and take appropriate action.
Rejecting Hemolyzed Samples
If a sample is visibly hemolyzed, it should be rejected and a new sample should be collected from the patient. It is important to communicate with the phlebotomist or healthcare provider who collected the sample to determine the cause of hemolysis and prevent it from happening again in the future.
Handling Hemolyzed Samples in the Laboratory
When hemolyzed samples cannot be rejected, there are steps that can be taken in the laboratory to minimize the impact of hemolysis on test results:
- Centrifuge the sample at a lower speed to separate the plasma or serum from the red blood cells
- Avoid agitation of the sample to prevent further hemolysis
- Use specialized tests that are less affected by hemolysis
It is important to follow laboratory protocols and guidelines for handling hemolyzed samples to ensure accurate test results.
Preventing Hemolysis
Proper Sample Collection
One of the most effective ways to prevent hemolysis is through proper sample collection techniques:
- Use the appropriate size needle for venipuncture
- Avoid excessive force when inserting the needle
- Ensure the tourniquet is not left on for an extended period of time
- Mix blood tubes gently and thoroughly to prevent clot formation
- Process samples promptly to minimize the risk of hemolysis
Education and Training
Healthcare professionals should receive education and training on proper sample collection techniques to prevent hemolysis. This may include hands-on training, written protocols, and regular competency assessments to ensure that all staff members are following best practices.
Quality Control Measures
Laboratories should implement quality control measures to monitor the incidence of hemolysis and identify potential sources of error. This may include tracking hemolysis rates, conducting root cause analyses, and implementing corrective actions to address any issues that are identified.
Conclusion
Handling hemolyzed samples from collection tubes is an important aspect of laboratory medicine. By understanding the causes of hemolysis, recognizing the signs of hemolysis, and following proper handling procedures, healthcare professionals can prevent hemolysis and ensure accurate test results for their patients. Education, training, and quality control measures are essential for maintaining high standards of care and providing quality patient outcomes.
For more information on handling hemolyzed samples, please visit the following links:
American Association for Clinical Chemistry
Disclaimer: The content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only, reflecting the personal opinions and insights of the author(s) on phlebotomy practices and healthcare. The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician. Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. No contributors to this web site make any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use. While we strive to share accurate and up-to-date information, we cannot guarantee the completeness, reliability, or accuracy of the content. The blog may also include links to external websites and resources for the convenience of our readers. Please note that linking to other sites does not imply endorsement of their content, practices, or services by us. Readers should use their discretion and judgment while exploring any external links and resources mentioned on this blog.