Preanalytical Errors in Laboratory Testing: Incorrect Patient Identification, Improper Specimen Collection and Handling, Contamination of Samples
Summary
- Incorrect patient identification
- Improper specimen collection and handling
- Contamination of samples
Introduction
When it comes to laboratory tests, accuracy and precision are crucial for providing reliable results that can help in diagnosing and treating various medical conditions. However, there are several factors that can lead to errors in laboratory testing, particularly during the preanalytical phase. In this article, we will discuss some examples of preanalytical errors that can occur in laboratory tests.
Incorrect Patient Identification
One of the most common preanalytical errors in laboratory testing is incorrect patient identification. This can happen when the wrong patient information is recorded on the specimen collection tube or requisition form. As a result, the laboratory may end up testing the wrong sample, leading to potentially serious consequences.
Common causes of incorrect patient identification errors include:
- Illegible handwriting on requisition forms
- Mislabeling of specimen tubes
- Failure to verify patient identity using two identifiers
Improper Specimen Collection and Handling
Another common preanalytical error in laboratory testing is improper specimen collection and handling. This can occur when Healthcare Providers do not follow proper procedures for collecting and transporting samples to the laboratory. As a result, the quality of the specimen may be compromised, leading to inaccurate Test Results.
Examples of improper specimen collection and handling errors include:
- Using expired collection tubes or containers
- Not properly mixing blood samples with anticoagulants
- Not keeping samples at the correct temperature during transportation
Contamination of Samples
Contamination of samples is another preanalytical error that can affect the accuracy of laboratory tests. This can happen when samples come into contact with contaminants such as dirt, bacteria, or chemicals during collection, handling, or transportation. Contaminated samples can lead to false positive or false negative results, which can have serious implications for patient care.
Common sources of sample contamination include:
- Improper cleaning of the collection site before sample collection
- Touching the inside of collection tubes with fingers
- Not properly sealing sample containers
Conclusion
Preanalytical errors are a significant concern in laboratory testing, as they can result in inaccurate Test Results that may harm patients. Healthcare Providers must be vigilant in ensuring correct patient identification, proper specimen collection and handling, and preventing sample contamination to minimize the risk of errors in laboratory tests. By addressing these preanalytical errors, laboratories can improve the quality and reliability of their testing services, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.
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